2018 Kia Niro PHEV Review – A Spreadsheet Nerd’s Dream | 19mm Momentary Push Button

Overall though, if everything is designed so it can’t hurt you, even in far fetched and unlikely worst case scenarios then many things would just never get made. In this case I think you could make a safe heated bed as long as you take safeguards to ensure a low probability of accidental shock. A simple enclosure around the board and the connections would more or less end the shock safety debate. Fire is another issue I guess, probably a fuse would solve that.

You know very well, I hope, that for dimming you need to use a random phase optoisolator not a zero-crossing one. Like MOC3020/21 for example. This is in the command/trigger circuit for the Mains swiching Triac. Now show us your Relay driven dimmer beauty concept. Is good to learn something new everyday.

Multilayer varistors (MLVs) address a specific part of the transient-voltage spectrum: the circuit-board environment. Although lower in energy, transients from ESD, inductive load switching, and even lightning-surge remnants might otherwise reach sensitive integrated circuits on the board. MLVs are also made of ZnO materials, but they’re fabricated with interwoven layers of metal electrodes and produced in leadless ceramic packages. They’re designed to transition from a high-impedance state to a conduction state when subjected to voltages that exceed their nominal voltage rating.

Then when you step up a notch to the KV stage the safety rules change because air can now be a conductor.

There is a reason SSRs come with four bolt holes and a wide, flat aluminum base. And a reason manufacturers use these large heat sinks on them, and don’t forget a thin film of thermal paste:

From instances I have seen in forums of melting outlets, they aren’t dopes. The bottom line is 120 V is terrible for power delivery and it is really unfortunate that US adopted that level. Often times it is the outlet failing even when used in specs, either from poor install, cheap outlet, etc.Also, they get damaged, it might have been fine when someone started using it, but they miss the damage.

Styling of the Niro is barely distinguishable from the standard car, save the door covering the charge port and subtle teal accents inside and out that indicate to the outside world that this is slightly more eco than everything else. And those eco signifiers tend to be either green or blue, so why not blend them into Nineties-Fantastic Teal?

Called the MPSMv2, the core of the project is the ESP8266 module. The dev board itself can support anything with GPIO pins, whether it’s an Arudino, Raspberry Pi, or anything else with those features. Flashing the NodeMCU firmware is pretty much all that needs to be done in order to get the device up and running, and once you get the device connected to your WiFi you’ll be able to control whatever appliances you want.

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Yup. Isolation is important as other commenters have noted. I’d compare electric heating pad design too, and probably require a door interlock to cut power to the bed when the door is open (enclosed only). A simpler way may be to simply put a transformer or “dirty” switcher under the bed and not put the higher voltage into the build plate in the first place. Use either a digital on/off for the switcher or a ZVS SSR for the transformer high side control. Would a 1/100 or 1/120 of a second minimum duty cycle and lsb affect the temperature that much, given the thermal mass of the system?

The reason may be the cost of getting UL approval. You can buy off-the-shelf, UL approved, 12/24VDC power supplies. Once you are working with 12/24VDC most products don’t need further UL approvals. But — if everything is mains power you are going to have to pay for a new round of UL testing. That can be $10,000 or more.

Ah, sō desu ka… Time to get some more iron in my diet, if I’m going to continue this dangerous hobby.