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[Ron] does a nice job of explaining some basic concepts like using opto-isolators. However, the real value to the video is the easy way to interface to the existing controller. A little configuration into Home Automation rounds out the project.

Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) circuit breakers run warm. This is normal, there’s nothing to report here.

I design and we manufacture controllers for homebrewing beer and in 2015 we were bit hard by counterfeit FOTEK SSRs, and this was after many years of having no issues at all with the brand. Our problems started when switching from buying direct from a Chinese supplier to buying from a Amazon supplier and the mistake cost us $7,000 in one month in warranty returned products. The issue was rated product built with substandard parts – in other words 40 Amp SSRs were built with 20 Amp TRIACs!

All of these ratings can be found in NEC (NFPA 70) Table 310.15(B)(16) in detail, but as an example, according to this NEC chart, a 6-gauge copper circuit rated at 90°C (194°F) has an ampacity of 75 amps while a 6-gauge aluminum conductor rated at 60°C (140°F) has an ampacity of 40 amps. Of course, there are other considerations in addition to this, but it is clear the rules of thumb we often use can get us in trouble if we aren’t aware that exceptions exist and what those exceptions are.

If I remember right Edmund sold a one ton lift magnet that would work with one dry cell. It was about 3 to 4 inches in diameter and half as thick with a single piece of iron with a circular groove for the coil. I saw a similar magnet lift a car at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago decades ago. The trick is perfect flat coupling to a thick flat piece on the load.

I’m wondering why nobody is simply rectifying a 120vac input for dc wiring the secondary coil? It means you don’t have to swap the coil location or use a dc power supply. I have a trans with a secondary resistance of 82ohms. Putting 120vdc through it would be about 175watts (assuming I do a good job of determining wire size and 1.46amps is ok)

Here I have always wondered. If the power bill is such a concern, then why not buy a heat pump for water heating instead? (It drawn typically around half to a third of the power to give the same heat output.)

Pedantic FWIW: Afghanistan and North Korea and some banana nations use 110V. USA uses 120V/240V. Japan is the oddball, using 100V. Annoying because you can’t draw more than 1 kilowatt from a socket there (kettle, hair dryer, space heater…). And having lived with the three voltages (100V, 120V, 240V) on four continents, I’ll happily take the 120V supply instead of the 240V.

While room up front is generous, and boosted by a wide range of seat and steering wheel adjustment, rear knee and head space is tight. Toyota openly admits it has designed the car predominantly around the needs of a two-person family unit, reasoning that anyone with kids would buy the estate. Exaggerating that outlook, our test car was fitted with an optional sunroof that ate 22mm of headroom.

My post outlines the PME system. There are older systems that do run an earth / ground but they are being removed as and when they need attention. The US system is different but the number of countries using the US system is much less than the number of countries that use a similar system to the UK. I am UK based and UK trained.

In case you hadn’t noticed, 2010 is the Year of 3D in the HDTV space, and all the television makers are rushing to add 3D capability across their product lines. Sony has come up with a clever way of capturing 3D images using the same "sweep" technology as in their normal 2D panoramas. As the camera is swept across a scene, it will naturally see various parts of the subject from slightly different angles at different points along its sweep. Sony’s engineers have taken advantage of this to add a 3D Sweep Panorama mode to a number of their cameras, the A33 and A55 included. While the 3D data is apparently stored in a fairly standard file format, viewing the 3D images currently requires connecting the camera’s HDMI output to a Sony 3D-capable television set. Sony’s promised 3D Sweep Panorama playback support for their PS3 game consoles, supposedly coming as early as this September. That’s still a bit limiting, but hopefully as 3D technology matures, various manufacturers will be able to read each others’ 3D formats.

The reason may be the cost of getting UL approval. You can buy off-the-shelf, UL approved, 12/24VDC power supplies. Once you are working with 12/24VDC most products don’t need further UL approvals. But — if everything is mains power you are going to have to pay for a new round of UL testing. That can be $10,000 or more.