BMW’s iX3 is the company’s first normal-looking all-electric car | Circuit Breaker Parts

I worked in telephony for many years, and the ring voltage can be as high as 180 bolts at various frequencies, but, rather low current. In really old telco systems it may also be a square wave.

They all have a ceramic rod or coil wrapped with nichrome wire that turn red hot. A vaccum forming table design I looked at used ceramic rods made the same way with reflectors to evenly distribute the heat. I believe all of the above (I did not verify if the table was) were UL marked.

I prefer polycarbonate chassis with see-through lids. That facilitates continuous inspection while the device is in operation. I do agree that an output circuit breaker is not a bad idea. I’m comfortable with relying on the individual breakers on the input circuits combined with the two primary relays, which rather indirectly achieve the same purpose as the trip bar.

Besides the overexposure bias, I also found the A33′s metering system was prone to more variation than I’m accustomed to seeing in an SLR. The few times I had it locked down on a tripod, shot to shot exposure seemed pretty consistent, but on several occasions shooting handheld, I found significant variation between successive shots, apparently resulting from fairly minor changes in framing. I’d of course expect exposure to vary to follow changes in the scene, but the amount of variation I saw between very similar shots taken with the A33 was unusual.

There’s a proper place for a relay and a proper place for a SSR. And I agree this solution should have been a relay.

The leads on that TO220 case SCR and that solder trace are not going to handle 20 amps continuously without heating up. A SCR that’s up to the task of carrying 20 amps for hours on end would have a TO-218 case or even be stud mount. If all else fails you could just use a contactor relay which is what they normally use for this application.

I’m a bit spoiled as far as AC load SSRs go, since I get IDEC and Omron puck SSRs from obsolete equipment at work, but always exercise due caution when I have to go shopping for DC load SSRs. Far too much fake stuff out there, masquerading as reputable brands, some to the point of ruining the reputation of the brand. (Fotek… For the longest time I thought they were only a Chinese brand, like the various Harbor Freight “brands” that they slap on their junk tooling offerings.)

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Don’t those wild & crazy Brits use “electrocution” to include a non-lethal shock? Our friend [Moryc] could have learned English from Britlish speaker, as he mentions that he’s not a native speaker of our bastard tongue (though, he could have fooled me with that delightful prose).

Stone (Bronze?) Face Human facial expressions can be incredibly fleeting; High shooting speed can help in places you might not expect.

My own maxim is that just because something can be – and perhaps often is – done poorly or hazardously does not at all preclude any possibility that it can be done properly and safely.

To be exact: It’s the anode or acceleration voltage. Focus is usually some kV, but derived from a 100Meg voltage divider.