Hot circuit breakers and dimmer switches | 19mm Momentary Push Button

The back-EMF voltage generated across the start winding causes a small current to flow in the start winding and potential relay coil, because they are in the same circuit. When the back-EMF has built up to a high enough value (referred to as pick-up voltage), the contacts between terminals 1 and 2 will be picked up (“opened”). This will take the start capacitor out of the circuit.

The heater from the inner layer of the PCB still needs to exit to the surface using vias or plated through holes some how. So the contacts are still exposed. You might use a TRIAC in something like the phase control in a dimmer switch as a PWM to control heater power, but the peaks voltages at the output are still at line voltages levels.

Yeah really though. It’s kind of embarrassing. I’m an engineer and work in big industry (usually minerals, bulk material handling, oil and gas, doing a big robotics project right now for a wood products plant, etc.) and this would be an afterthought. No one would even question it. I mean really a no brainer. People use electric blankets on their bed. I really don’t get it. It really shows how amateur hour most of the people who comment on this site are.

The operation of the potential relay is based on the increase in back-electro-motive force (back-EMF) or a bucking voltage that is generated across the start winding as the motor increases in speed. The large metal mass of the motor’s rotor turning at high speeds with motor windings in close proximity has a voltage-generating effect.

The potentially game-changing performance of the Sony A33′s EVF overshadows its excellent rear-panel LCD, which is a little unfair: It’s as good an LCD as is found on any other camera, and in at least one sense literally outshines them all. It’s the same widescreen ~920K-dot high-resolution LCD we’ve seen now on a wide range of cameras from a variety of makers, but its implementation on the Sony A33 adds a couple of useful twists. First, of course, it literally twists and rotates, albeit from the bottom of the body, rather than the side. This unfortunately makes it useless for composing self-portraits with the camera mounted on a tripod, but otherwise is quite helpful for getting over-the-head and ground-level shots with ease.

On the positive side, the mechanism does allow the LCD to be folded facing inwards, providing some degree of protection against minor knocks and smudges when traveling and when you’re content to use the EVF instead. The Xtra Fine LCD panel has a 921,600-dot resolution. The display also uses Sony’s TruBlack technology, which couples a reinforced glass cover plate with anti-reflective film, and a resin filling that removes the air gap beneath the cover plate, which the company says improves contrast and reduces glare under harsh sunlight.

Neutral is connected to Earth Ground at your electrical panel. Circuit breakers interrupt the LINE only so I’m not sure what you mean by soil resistivity and current flowing in earth ground. 500 micro amps flowing or rather, leaking through Earth ground is usually all that’s allowed by UL in cord-connected products.

The run capacitor limits the current that will pass through the start winding when the motor is running, because they are wired in series. The run capacitor also provides running torque when the motor is up and running.

Keep in mind that extension cords running from a generator can power anything that plugs into a wall socket, but not hard-wired appliances such as a furnace, sump pump or central air conditioner. If you want to run any of those during an outage, you will need to have a licensed electrician install a manual transfer switch (it looks like a mini circuit breaker) next to your main electrical panel. A heavy-duty cord from the generator plugs into the switch and allows you to power select circuits in your home. Prices vary depending on your market. In Neale’s case, she paid about $1,200 for the switch and installation, more than for the generator, which cost about $550.

For a more detailed explanation of how to match MOVs to applications, check out the “DC Application Varistor Design Guide.”

“International” power supplies usually are specified for 100V (Japan) to 240V +/- 10%, i.e., 90-264V.

I will not put all the money on the bet, but this one might be indeed one of the solutions: http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/328/lnk302_304-306-179954.pdf if you want something “all-in-one”. I prefer a separate external PSU for many reasons, including circuit separation and protection. You can find 5V and 3.3V SMPS DIN rail mouting ones for decent prices.